I. Late Fifteenth-Century Architecture: Tuscany under the
Medici

Giuliano da Sangallo
>>Poggo a Caiano, Villa Medici, beg. ca. 1485
-to show it is geometric and controlled (in painting 1599 by Giusto Utens)
-built for the Singalo family
-there were garden towers for a beautiful view, the trees were planted in a pattern to be viewed horizontally
-typically associated with Lorenzo
- there is a temple at the front of the house creating the portico which has barrel vaulting, a central area to show prestige of the house
-the main level looks like a Roman Villa(antiquity)
-Has the Medici coat of arms and columns carried by entablatures
-windows with strong lentils and the openings are aligned with the interior
-there is now more of an apartment arrangement with clusters of rooms giving an increased sense of privacy.

   

Prato, Santa Maria delle Carceri, 1484-1506
creator: Guiliano da Sangallo
-location: Prato, Italy 
-Period:early modern
-pure greek cross
-has four equal arms and a small dome
-the covering is Bichrome a white and green marble -interior: ribbed dome supported on pendentives (like Brunelleschi's Pazzi Chapel).  
-exterior: has awkwardly proportioned double orders
-culmination of the early renaissance ideals of classical lightness and purity
- has closely paired pallasters on the exterior and goes from a tuscan to ionic order







Lombardy under the Sforza

-The Sforza family dominated the political scene from 1450 until 1499.
-The Sforzas particularly Lodovico il Moro were great patrons of the arts.
-Leonardo Da Vinci and Bramante worked for him for 20 years.
-When Francesco Sforza became a part of the dukedom the Tuscan influence was overlaid on the native Lombard tradition.


Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)
-was in Milan from around 1482-1499
-he painted the last supper while in Milan
-the Last Supper is located on the end wall of the dining hall in the monastery at Santa Marie delle Grazi
-it was commisioned by the Sforza to be the centerpiece of the mausoleum
-he had a preoccupation with the centralized church and did many architectural drawings of churches although he never built anything.

Donato Bramante (1444-1514)
 Milan, Santa Maria presso San Satiro, apse and sacristy, 1478-1486
-reconstruction of Santa maria San Satiro a small 19th century building in Milan
-east end is constructed as a perspective illusion
-are architectural planes and voids like in a painting, rather than three-dimensional solids(Brunelleschi)
-it is a Greek cross in a square inside a circle- typical Early Christian design
-exterior shows Florentine influence
Three Main Stages
-lowest is cylindrical in shape with deep niches set between pairs of pilasters and alternating with smooth walls
-second story has four arms of the Greek cross rising out of the cylinder, each arm contains a window and the roofs are gabled
-third level has a small circular lantern

 Milan, Santa Maria delle Grazie, apse, 1492-1497
-long, low nave and aisles, built by another architect in the 1460s
-very large tribune which rises into a polygonal drum and small lantern at East end
-apsidal projections on the three free standing sides, two are transepts and third terminates the choir
-independant, centrally planned building loosely attached to the long nave
-interior: one of lightness and clarity, with geometric patterns(painted wheel windows) 

Milan Cathedral 1387-1572

Period Medieval

style gothic